Super Bowl History (Brief Overview)

It was about 40 years after the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. In 1960, it faced its most serious competitor when the American Football League (AFL) was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans, but by the middle of the decade the strain of competition led to serious merger talks between the two leagues. Prior to the 1966 season, the NFL and AFL reached a merger agreement that was to take effect for the season in 1970 As part of the merger, the champions of the two leagues agreed to meet in a "world" championship game for professional American football until the merger was effected.
The first used of the term "Super Bowl"  was by Lamar Hunt . Hunt would later say the name was likely in his head because his children had been playing with a toy (a vintage example of the ball is on display at the Pro Football Hall of fame in Canton, Ohio). In a July 25, 1966, letter to NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, Hunt wrote, "I have kiddingly called it the 'Super Bowl,' which obviously can be improved upon." Although the leagues' owners decided on the name "AFL-NFL Championship Game," the media immediately picked up on Hunt's "Super Bowl" name, which would become official beginning with the third annual game. The "Super Bowl" name was derived from the bowl game a post-season college football game. The original bowl game was the Rose bowl game in Pasadena CA. which was first played in 1902 as the Tournament East-West football game. The stadium got its name from the fact that the game played there was part of the Tournament of Roses and that it was shaped like a bowl, the Tournament of Roses football game itself eventually came to be known as the Rose Bowl Game. Exploiting the Rose Bowl Game's popularity, post-season college football contests were created for Miami the orange bowl and New Orleans the sugar bowl in 1935, and for Dallas the cotton bowl in 1937. Thus, by the time the first Super Bowl was played, the term "bowl" for any big-time American football game was well established.
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History of Jamaican Fishing Industry

In 1949, when the Fisheries Division has been actively engaged in the development and promotion of the Jamaican fishing industry by provision of training and technical advice to fishermen, conducting exploratory fishing to test the potential of fishing grounds, provision of easy credit for outboard motors, duty-free outboard motor fuel, encouragement of fishermen's organisations such as cooperative societies, provision of outboard motor fuel outlets, gear stores, sanitary conveniences and lighting on beaches, and by the preparation and execution of schemes aimed at increasing the quantity of fish landed in Jamaica.

This Division is also responsible for the inland or fresh-water fisheries, and has been encouraging the cultivation of fish in ponds, tanks and marshes by provision of fingerlings and advice on pond management. Through this programme of fish-farming and the stocking of rivers and irrigation canals with fish, previously useless land has been put to more productive use, and a major source of cheap animal protein has been provided. This has had a significant effect on improving the diet of the people in several parishes of Jamaica, particularly St. Catherine, St. Elizabeth, Clarendon and Westmoreland. Since the 1980s, the inland fishing industry has developed to the extent that the import of fish for the tourist industry has been reduced. Up to the present, the inland fishing industry has shown an average of 4% annual growth.

In relation to the marine fisheries, the programmes carried out by the Government have produced results. Because of the training and advice given to fishermen, the fishing industry has extended its limits in that Jamaican fishermen are now able to fish at distances of up to 480 kilometres (300 miles) away from Jamaica, whereas 25 years ago they fished barely 16 kilometres (10 miles) away from shore. Today, fishermen are using synthetic materials for making their boats and equipment, polythene rope has almost completely replaced Cayman rope among trap and pot fishermen, nylon and monofilament netting is increasingly taking over from cotton netting. As it becomes more difficult to obtain the cotton and guango trees from which canoes were traditionally made, more and more canoes made of fibreglass are appearing on our beaches. As a result of Government assistance in obtaining credit, our fleet of large decked vessels grew in numbers and the fishing industry flourished. In recent years, however, the industry has been experiencing difficulties as a result of a reduced stock of fish and competition from foreign vessels fishing in Jamaican waters.
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Jobs and the Demand in jamaica

Web designers

What they do

Web designers use their artistic skills to present user-friendly content by way of a web page on the internet.

Education and Skills

A bachelor's degree in computer science, graphic design or digital media is usually required to gain employment. However, some web-designers are self-taught and make money independently.

Demand

With internet usage increasing at rapid pace locally, the demand for websites locally is likely to grow in 2010. Web designers' charges vary depending on the magnitude of work, but they can be paid from $35,000 to $45,000 to build the most basic static five-page website, and from $100,000 to $500,000 to build one that's more business-oriented and involves e-commerce features.

Grooming consultant

- What they do

These professionals work with individuals or companies that want an image upgrade. From instructions on dining etiquette to communication, the grooming consultant's job is to add value to appearance.

- Skills and Education

You don't need any certification in fashion consultancy. However, "You have to be educated, exposed and abreast of the trends," says popular grooming consultant Sandra Samuels, principal of Totally Male.

- Demand

Financial institutions, government institutions and persons who have recently become public figures, are regular users of grooming consultants.

Marine Pilot

- What they do

Marine pilots guide sea-vessels in congested waters, such as harbours.

- Skills and Education

The prerequisite to be employed as a pilot ranges from a general maritime qualification to a Master's certificate.

- Demand

These professionals are well paid and, because it's one of the most low-keyed professions locally, demand is great.

Executive Chef

What they do

Executive chefs supervise kitchen staff and direct food preparation and cooking activities at mostly restaurants and hotels.Their responsibilities include menu creation, financial planning, and recruiting.

Skills and education

Professional and academic qualifications in the culinary arts along with experience in food and beverage management.

Demand

The proliferation of large hotel chains over the years have greatly increased local demand for executive chefs. An industry source told Sunday Finance that executive chefs at large hotels in Jamaica earn up to US$120,000 per annum plus room and board.

Translator

What they do

Translators facilitate intercultural communication through language.

Education and Skills

A high level of proficiency in a foreign language and its various forms. Many employers also require a first degree in the particular language needed to be translated, and experience in reading and editing the language.

Demand

Just look at the career section of your local newspaper. The demand for translators have increased substantially over the years as Jamaican society becomes more culturally diversed. Hotels, in paticular, are frequently on the look-out for translators. Testament to the value people put on such services, a friend of mine was paid $15,000 to translate a one-page transcript from Spanish to English recently.

Executive Coach

What they do

An executive coach helps their management-level clients with leadership skills. Executive coaching involves the use of techniques aimed at influencing leaders to make behavioral changes which can greatly improve their effectiveness in managing the people around them, and by extension, improve company performance.

Henry Lewis, head of Caribbean Coaching Centre, is one of the more renowned executive coaches in Jamaica. Lewis provides consultations to individuals or groups.

"I support executives and leaders to improve their bottom line by inspiring them, motivating them and helping them to see the value and satisfaction in what they do," he told this newspaper in an interview last month.

Skills and Education

Strong interpersonal relationship skills and communication skills are a must, combined with significant professional experience. You can acquire a professional coach certification from some tertiary institutions.

Demand

Corporate executives are always looking for ways to improve their management skills, especially in today's tough economic climate. Henry said that during these times, it can be lonely at the top for company leaders, but programmes like his can keep them focused on the task ahead.

"Most coaches motivate and inspire, full stop. I'm saying how can leaders take those they manage to the next level so that their company performs better," he said.

Forensic scientist

- What they do

Forensic scientists help investigate crimes by processing a crime scene, and collecting and analyzing physical evidence..

- Skills and Education

To be employed to Government's Forensic Labaratory, the basic requirement is a degree in any natural or physical science. Recruits undergo a training program that educates on scientific principles and theory, and provides practical training in a laboratory setting with standard equipment.

- Demand

Once there is crime, there is demand. And Jamaica's crime rate is one of the worst in the world. Forensic scientists are primarily employed by Government but private persons pay good money to find out the cause of death of loved ones.

Veterinarian

- What they do

The veterinarian is a physician for animals and a practitioner of veterinary medicine. They provide care for a wide range of animals – from small rodents to large animals, but particularly dogs and cats, which are more common.

- Skills and Education

The prerequisite Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree, which is offered via a five-year course at the School of Veterinary Medicine - the University of the West Indies. To practice in Jamaica you have to pass an examination and become a registered member of the Jamaica Veterinary Board.

- Demand

According to industry sources, there is demand for clinics in rural Jamaica

Pastor

- What they do

The role of a pastor is far reaching, extending way beyond just preaching from the pulpit. It involves counselling, teaching and caring for members of the church and wider community.

- Skills and Eduction

Courses in ministerial studies are offered at the United Theological College of the West Indies (UTCWI), which can provide the solid foundation in theology training that is needed.

"Apart from the educational things, you look for spiritual committment and dedication," he said. "It is more important that we look for a faithful man because integrity is critical to what we do."

- Demand

Mortician

- What they do

They are in the business of arranging and executing funeral rites, which involves embalming and burial or cremation of the dead, as well as the organisation of a ceremony.

"Running a funeral home takes a tremendous amount of work," notes an industry source. "You have to ensure that you have different chemicals – embalming fluid, deadorisers, cleaning fluids etc – You have to think about caskets, fleets etc, plus you have to be able to deal with people, because when people are in grief, you have to expect the unexpected."

- Skills and Education

An associate degree in funeral service education is generally required. Good morticians have solid knowledge in the sciences and restorative art.

- Demand

A lucrative profession. You'll never be out of business once you're good.

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History of Jamaican Prime Ministers 1962 - 2012

Incumbent	Portrait	Tenure		Elected	Political affiliation
		Took Office	Left Office
1	Sir Alexander Bustamante		29 April 1962	23 February 1967	1962	Jamaica Labour Party
2	Sir Donald Sangster *		23 February 1967	11 April 1967	1967	Jamaica Labour Party
3	Hugh Shearer		11 April 1967	2 March 1972	——	Jamaica Labour Party
4	Michael Manley		2 March 1972	1 November 1980	1972	People's National Party
					1976
5	Edward Seaga		1 November 1980	10 February 1989	1980	Jamaica Labour Party
					1983
(4)	Michael Manley		10 February 1989	30 March 1992	1989	People's National Party
6	P. J. Patterson		30 March 1992	30 March 2006	1993	People's National Party
					1997
					2002
7	Portia Simpson-Miller		30 March 2006	11 September 2007	——	People's National Party
8	Bruce Golding		11 September 2007	23 October 2011	2007	Jamaica Labour Party
9	Andrew Holness		23 October 2011	5 January 2012	——	Jamaica Labour Party
(7)	Portia Simpson-Miller		5 January 2012	Incumbent	2011	People's National Party

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Minimum Wage increase in Jamaica

The national minimum wage was increased from $4,500 to $5,000 per 40-hour work week in september 2012. It was first announced by Labour of Social Security Minister, Hon. Derrick Kellier, during his contribution to the 2012/13 Sectoral Debate in Gordon House. He said the 11 per cent increase is as a result of recommendations from the Minimum Wage Advisory Commission. Also the minimum wage for industrial security guards, was increased to $7, 320.50 per 40- hour work week, representing an increase of 10 per cent. I strongly believe it a so called attempt at trying to improve the capacity for productivity improvement in workers of all categories.
The new rates for industrial security guards;
laundry allowance was increased from $30.25 to$ 33.30 per hour; firearm allowance was raised to $36.60 per hour, up from $33.28; and dog holder’s allowance was increased from $22.39 to $24.63 per hour. Life insurance remains at $2 million double indemnity. Although this is better than before, is this really enough???????????
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Exciting gadgets 2013

iPhone 5S

As per usual, it is expected that Apple will release an "S" update before moving up an integer. it will probably come with a new "super HD camera/screen, a better battery and NFC [near field communication - used in such things as contactless payment systems]". He also claims that, like the Nano, the phone will be available in six to eight colours.

Apple iTV

There has been speculation for some years that Apple would make a land grab for the TV market.  turning on a TV is like going "backwards in time by 20 or 30 years". That is, like the music and phone industry previously, it's in need of an Apple update.
XBOX720
The long-awaited follow-up to the Xbox 360, rumoured to be called the Infinity. Like the Kinect, the console will use motion detection technology and T3 recently revealed that Microsoft had filed a patent concerning projecting augmented reality 3D images on walls, which would require you to wear Wi-Fi-enabled 3D glasses. May also include a Blu-ray drive

Amazon phone

The internet giant is said to be adding a phone to its range of Kindle readers. Don't expect any revolutionary hardware, but the software will allow seamless integration between Amazon's Appstore, Amazon MP3, Amazon Cloud Player and Kindle books. In short, it will be more of an multipurpose Amazon revenue-generating device than a phone. it's likely to be cheap. This is because Amazon is expected to subsidise the cost of the handset and the monthly price plan using the revenue from the vast amount of Amazon media, electronics and whatnot you are inevitably going to purchase with it. It is also likely to come pre-loaded with a bar code scanner, which will point out how much cheaper everything is on Amazon.
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